The quality of saffron is dependent on coloring strength (crocin
concentration), odor (safranal) and taste (picrocrocin). Besides
in commercial evaluations content of flora waste and extraneous
matter is important.
An international standard for saffron is available: ISO 3632-1:1993.
Saffron in filaments is classified into four categories (or in
another word four grades) based on the content of flora waste
and extraneous matter.
Characteristic
Categories / Grades
Extra I
II
III
IV
Max. Flora Waste
% (m/m):
0.5
4
7
10
Max. Extraneous
Matter % (m/m):
0.1
0.5
1.0
1.0
The chemistry of saffron has been investigated in detail.
The major pigment, a water soluble carotenoid giving saffron its value as a dye, is crocin, a yellow-red
pigment found at levels of up to 2%. Picrocrocin (less than 4%) is a bitter-tasting principle that
hydrolyses to glucose and safranal (less than 4%), on drying.
Saffron
is dry, glossy and greasy to touch when freshly dried, turning dull and brittle with age.
Besides that saffron color strength and bitter-taste (picrocorcin)
decreases and its odor (safranal) increases with age.